Indian Self-Determination and Self-Governance Era 1968-present
2016-17
DAPL pipeline protests
“The Dakota Access Pipeline protests, also known by the hashtag #NoDAPL, are grassroots movements that began in early 2016 in reaction to the approved construction of Energy Transfer Partners' Dakota Access Pipeline in the northern United States…. In April 2016 two events spurred the mass protests. First, a young indigenous girl named Tokata Iron Eyes and her teenage friends organized ‘ReZpect Our Water’ as a social media-based campaign to stop the pipeline. Second, Standing Rock Sioux elder LaDonna Brave Bull Allard establishes a camp as a center for cultural preservation, spiritual resistance to the pipeline, and for the defense of native sovereignty; over the summer the camp grows to thousands of people. Those gathered at the camp dubbed themselves Water Protectors. The protests draw considerable national and international attention…. On February 7, 2017, Trump authorizes the Army Corps of Engineers to proceed, ending the environmental impact assessment and the associated public comment period. Following Trump's approval for the completion of the pipeline, the number of protesters gradually decrease, and on February 23, 2017 the National Guard and law enforcement officers evict those that remained. The pipeline is completed by April and its first oil is delivered on May 14, 2017.” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota_Access_Pipeline_protests)